Discuss the link between coronary heart disease and a high fat diet. 

Coronary heart disease, otherwise known as CHD, is the narrowing of coronary arteries due to the buildup of plaque inside the vessels. Plaque, a waxy substance that consists of cholesterol, fats, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin, acts as a key factor in the progression of CHD into stroke or heart attack. Its accumulation within the blood vessels, referred to as atherosclerosis, increases the risk of either a piece of plaque breaking off or the formation of a rupture leading to the detachment of thrombus, causing either a partial or total blockage of the coronary artery. Consuming a high fat diet is one of the major causes of CHD, and this article will explore the links between the excess consumptions of trans fats, saturated fats, and cholesterol, and the risk of coronary heart disease.

Trans fat is a type of unsaturated fat where, unlike cis-unsaturated fat, two hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond. Studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between the amounts of trans fat consumption and the risk of CHD. Consumption of trans fats increases the level of LDL (Low-density lipoproteins) in the body, which acts to carry cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body. An excess amount of LDL ("bad") cholesterol in the blood may lead to the formation of plaque deposits in the walls of the coronary arteries, which in turn induces atherosclerosis. 

                       

Saturated fat is a type of fatty acid in which all of the carbon atoms in the chain are bonded by single covalent bonds. It is also widely conceived that the intake of saturated fat increases the level of LDL cholesterol in the body, thereby inducing atherosclerosis, and eventually coronary heart disease, as in the case of trans fats. However, recent studies have shown that there are examples that may not fit with this correlation, as in the case of the Maasai. The Maasai have a diet rich in meat and fat, leading to the consumption of large amounts of saturated fats. However, coronary heart disease is extremely rare amongst the Maasai despite this regular intake of saturated fats, this revelation serving to disprove the theory that the increased intake of saturated fats is directly related to the increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Another myth to be discredited is the one considering the intake of cholesterol, where the increased consumption of dietary cholesterol is believed to lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease. The lack of credibility of this view stems from the fact that only cholesterol in LDL is implicated in coronary heart disease, as well as various studies that show that the reducing dietary cholesterol has little effect on blood cholesterol levels, and therefore also on the risk of CHD.

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There is a strong correlation between CHD and a high fat diet. Before I talk about it, a high fat diet means that people eat lots of food, which has lots of fats. Most of people would think that fat is not good for our health, and the fat actually leads to diabetes or any kind of diseases such as heart disease. However, I think that all the fats make high danger of heart diseases like CHD.

Normally, the people who got coronary heart disease are the people who had high cholesterol or high blood pressure in their body. As many people already know, if the people eat too many fats, they would have high rates of cholesterol. However, there are many kinds of fats. Especially, saturated fats such as cheese, and trans fat like cakes; cookies are the examples of fats, which lead to have CHD or even diabetes. These fats make cholesterol, and LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) go to the tissues, so that they actually narrow the arteries. LDL contains bad cholesterol, which are all from trans fats, or saturated fats.  This process is called atherosclerosis. So if the body contains lots of LDL, there are high dangers of heart diseases. So you have to avoid having LDL in your body.

However, there are some other fats like unsaturated fats are actually good for our health. Many people would think that all kinds of fats are not good for our health. In fact, those useful fats’ role is actually removing cholesterol. The examples of unsaturated fats are fish oil, peanut oil or corn oil.  

There are lots of the other factors except high fat diet such as unhealthy or irregular lifestyle. In fact, this disease is occurred in the heart, which is the most important organ in the body, so that we have to try our best to avoid this disease.

The link between CHD (Coronary Heart Disease) and a high fat diet

Joonhyuk Hyun

According to the article “‘Sausage not steak’ increases heart disease risk”, we can notice a lifestyle that consumes excessive fats per day can be led to a coronary heart disease. Diets with fats have a lot of risk that affects to our body and a heart disease is one of the most serious risk of the fat diets.

There are two types of fats, an unsaturated fat and a saturated fat. For examples of an unsaturated fat, there are almonds, walnuts and vegetable oil and ones saturated fat are butters, animal fats and processed meats.

 According to the AHA (American Heart Association), diets with high saturated fats can dramatically increase human’s cholesterol which contributes to raise a risk of getting a heat disease.

Saturated fats are fat molecules without double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. The saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature and this feature make easier to stick to our blood vessels and also, the fats raise cholesterol levels in the blood.  

The heart disease occurs when a waxy substance which is plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. On the one hand, the high saturated fats from foods such as sausages and bacons cause this plaque to block blood vessels and it leads to an abnormal blood flow not to provide a sufficient blood to the heart.  

In a condition of atherosclerosis, the plaque will keep building up as time passes. The flow in a narrowed artery cause the problem with a human’s heart so that a heart can get a disease like CHD.    

Processed meats have much more risks of heart disease than other saturated fats even though they have a similar fat content because a lot of salt and preservatives are added into the processed meats. In addition, a processed meat can dramatically affect to the heart disease as it contains salt itself as it is able to raise blood pressure in some people. Furthermore, if this occurs with atherosclerosis, the raised pressure with narrowed artery makes a synergy to amplify the risk of heart disease.

In conclusion, if a person takes a processed meat which contains a high saturated fat and salt, the saturated fat will make a condition called atherosclerosis which builds plaques inside of blood vessels so that the vessels get blocked not to supply a proper amount of blood to a heart with highly raised blood pressure by salt. Hence, the CHD occurs. 

DISCUSS the link: CHD and a high fat diet

To begin, lets first learn about the importance of diet for human health. Our diet is very crucial in terms of development and prevention of coronary heart diseases. It is one of the most important factor that could make you either healthy or make you gain high risk of all sorts of heart related diseases (cardiovascular disease).

For this post, we are looking at the correlation between high fat diet and risk of getting coronary heart disease.

Before getting into the main theme, we first need to know about fats in general. All fats contain high levels of energy. Whether it is saturated or unsaturated, excess consumption of it should be restricted from your diet. The consequence of consuming excess fat is obesity and this causes various health issues such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer and respiratory problems.

As I mentioned, there are two types of fats in our diet: saturated and unsaturated fats. These two fats have contrary effects on human health so let’s look at it one at a time.

First of all, saturated fats are found in animal products such as cheese, sausages, hams, etc. Diets rich in saturated fats increases the risk of coronary heart disease and this is because they form linear structures that can form plaque on coronary vessels and increase the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. (Lipoproteins are the transporters of cholesterols in the blood) The increase in LDL levels cause plaque to build up as other substances bind with the cholesterol-forming plaque and clogs our arteries by trapping substances such as calcium, which eventually leads to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The clogged arteries lead to cardiovascular health problems such as high blood pressure.

On the other hand, unsaturated fats such as those found in fish, nuts, seeds and vegetables, are beneficial for coronary health. Unlike saturated fats, they are not associated with plaque build-up but instead increases the level of high density lipoprotein, which is simply good cholesterols. HDLs carries cholesterols away from the arteries to the liver. From there, it can be broken down and get removed from the blood stream which prevents body from atherosclerosis.

However, there are two types of unsaturated fats which have different health risks and they are “cis” and “trans” forms. Diets rich in cis-monounsaturated fats are recommended since they are barely linked to coronary heart disease. But diets rich in trans-monounsaturated fats are linked to high risk of CHDs. The plaques created by trans-fat blocks blood flow leading to hypertension and the left over travelling plaques block blood flow in vessels. It then leads to a stroke or a heart attack.

This research certainly shows that fat is essential for our diet but excess consumption of fats, especially unsaturated fats, are impairs our health. But it is very important to note that fat intake of more than 37%, even if it is unsaturated, it will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Also saturated fat intake should not go over 10% of your total energy and more crucially, people with diabetes should only be having 7% or less fat of their total energy.

Discuss the link between Coronary Heart Disease and a high fat diet

A high fat diet consists of a diet that is rich in fats, especially saturated fats, and typically one that provides more than 30% of energy as fat. Saturated fats are those that are found in animal products, for example cheese. Trans fats are oils that have been hydrogenated (caused to combine with hydrogen) to turn them into semi-hard fats and are typically found in many fast foods, junk foods, cakes and cookies. A diet that is both high in saturated fats and trans fats leads to higher levels of cholesterol in the blood.

Various researches have proven that high levels of cholesterol and abnormal blood lipid levels may increase the risk of a heart attack, coronary heart disease or other major cardiovascular events. This is because coronary heart disease and other cardiac conditions are caused by the build-up of plaque inside the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries are arteries that transport oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles. This build-up occurs over many years in which the plaque can harden to narrow the coronary arteries or rupture (break open) to form a blood clot that can partially or fully block blood flow. If the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart muscles is reduced or blocked, there is no oxygen being supplied to the muscles in that section of the heart, which are aerobically respiring and consequently the toxicity of the lactic acid that has been built up from anaerobic respiration can cause the cells to die. As a result, an angina (chest pain or discomfort) or a heart attack may occur. Coronary heart disease itself can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure (a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs) or problems with the rate of rhythm of the heartbeat.  

Certain studies conducted advise that the saturated fat intake should not exceed 10% of the total energy. If the total fat intake were to be greater than 37% of the total calorie intake then, even if that fat was unsaturated (fats that are beneficial), there is an increased risk of developing a cardiovascular disease. One study comparing a diet low in saturated fats, with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, and a typical diet of someone living in the developed world, showed that the former style of diet experienced a 73% reduction in the risk of new major cardiac events.

Bibliography 

"Diet." Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors -. World Heart Federation, 2016. Web. 28 Aug. 2016.

"What Is Coronary Heart Disease?" NHLBI, NIH. NIH, 22 June 2016. Web. 28 Aug. 2016.

"high-fat diet." Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine by Churchill Livingstone. 2008. Elsevier Limited 28 Aug. 2016

Correlation between CHD and high-fat diets

Eugene Yang 12E

      Many studies show the relationship between Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and fat diets. However, it does not refer to every type of fats.

      There are three types of fats, saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats. Saturated fats are the animal products; they raise total blood cholesterol levels which lead to an increase in the possibility of resulting cardiovascular disease. Trans fat is the hydrogenated oils, which are found in daily bakery products. Consuming trans fats have the same effect as consuming saturated fats; it increases the amount of LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) and decreases the amount of HDL cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein). LDL cholesterol is bad for the body as it is the consonant of plaque. A diet containing both high saturated and trans fats may raise cholesterol level in blood and can lead to atherosclerosis.

      Coronary heart disease is when a substance called plaque builds up inside the wall of coronary arteries; coronary arteries are the main supply of oxygenated blood to the heart. The plaques are formed by fat, cholesterols, and other substances. This plaque is built in the coronary artery over time, which narrows the artery; gradually limiting the amount of oxygen supply for the heart. The amount of plaque built up has a correlation to the amount fat consumption; since saturated and trans fats raise blood cholesterol levels.


      This diagram shows how plaque effects the blood flow in the coronary artery. Figure B shows the normal coronary artery, which has no plaque at all. Therefore, the blood flow is reasonably fast. However, as figure C is represented, the coronary artery is narrower with the plaque. Clearly, less oxygenated blood would be able to pass through the coronary artery, not able to supply sufficient amount of oxygen to the heart.



      However, not every fat is harmful to the body. In fact, unsaturated fats are beneficial for the body. Unsaturated fats are different to saturated fats as it has fewer H-C bonds. There are three types of unsaturated fats. Both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids improve blood cholesterol levels, which decreases the risk of CHD. Trans fats are rich in LDL cholesterol which forms the plaque. On the other hand, Omega-3 fatty acids, another type of unsaturated fats, are rich in HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol reduces, recycles, and reuses LDL cholesterol by removing it from the arteries and transporting it to the liver for reprocessing. It also keeps the inner wall of the coronary arteries clean and clear plaques.

Links between coronary heart disease and high fat diet

What are the links between Coronary Heart Disease and high fat diet?

Lucy Kim HN12A

Coronary Heart Disease is a result of a waxy substance called plaque buildup inside the coronary arteries, which leads to blockages of the arteries. The arteries, which normally work as a transport media of oxygenated blood, become narrow and stiff so that they cannot carry out their functions. 

There are several causes which lead to the disease, including smoking, irregular exercise and high blood cholesterol level. The most common cause is the deposition of cholesterol; usually referred to as ‘atheroma’. As the atheroma layers build up in the arteries, the blood flow to the heart muscles get extremely insufficient, which leads to a process called ‘atherosclerosis’. 

Cholesterol level gets higher due to the consumption of too much saturated fat; high fat diet. According to the daily intake guide, recommended allowance of fat for an average adult is 70 grams per day. When a person consume way more than this fixed amount, it is highly likely for him to be obese and therefore have a high blood cholesterol level which will lead to the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries.

High cholesterol level can cause CHD in patients of any types and ages, and therefore it should be immediately decreased by controlling the amount of the intake of fat, and balancing out other nutrients. By all means suitable amount of saturated fats can be consumed. However, there is one kind of dietary fat that has to be avoided, which is called a trans fats, which many commercial processed foods consist of. 

A study suggests that ‘Eating processed meat such as sausages increases the likelihood of heart disease, while red meat does not seem to be as harmful’. Despite both red meat and processed sausages are expected to have a similar fat content, some researchers believe that processed sausages may be a chunk of salt and other preservatives. Nitrate preservatives here can develop atherosclerosis, which again is the result of insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle. 

People nowadays are hugely exposed to the risk of high fat diet since they prefer processed foods which are more convenient to approach. As they can easily access to high-fat content food, the possibility for them to develop coronary heart disease will exponentially increase. 

Bibliography :

-news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8688104.stm

-health.clevelandclinic.org/2015/05/your-diet-and-heart-disease-rethinking-butter-beef-and-bacon/

-nhs.uk/Conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx

 Discuss the link of CHD and a high fat diet.

Minjae Seo

  Despite the recent enhancements in medical technology and research, heart diseases still remain as a major cause of death. Heart diseases such as CHDs ,heart stroke, heart failure, coronary artery diseases compose huge portions of death and are concerned as one of the key problems. And yet even now, no technological enhancements are alleviating the situation. This is because of its characteristics; it is a degenerative disease that depends on your daily habits, diets and lifestyle, not on the medicine you are provided.  And thus, there is a clear link between the diet which you obtain and the heart diseases that you have.

  CHD or the coronary heart disease occurs when a waxy substance steadily builds up inside the coronary arteries. When this plague builds up for years and years, the plaque eventually hardens and narrows the coronary arteries causing a condition of atherosclerosis. It may even build up to totally block the artery or it may be ruptured providing a platform for blood to clot. All of these problems block  the coronary arteries or reduce the flow of oxygen-rich blood into the heart (coronary artery), increasing the risk of heart diseases. As the CHD progresses, it weakens your heart and leads to heart failures and arrhythmias.

 The diet plays a crucial role in developing and preventing CHD. Researchers have clearly indicated that there is a strong correlation between abnormal blood lipid levels and the risk of coronary diseases. This is because the different types of fats (saturated fats or trans fat) that increase the level of cholesterol, which is the main substance that creates the plaque and impose risk.

 Usually the liver makes all the cholesterol you need and circulates it through the blood. But when you obtain excess saturated fats and trans fat from animal sources, such as meat, poultry and milk, the cholesterol blood level increases beyond the requirements, and imposes a risk of CHDs. The cholesterol containing saturated fats and trans fat raise the cholesterol blood level, causing atherosclerosis by forming layers of plaques on the wall of the artery. Then it eventually blocks the coronary arteries and the heart malfunctions due to the insufficient supply of oxygen, leading to heart diseases, such as a heart attack.

However, there are some other fats as well. Unsaturated fat, Polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat are in fact, beneficial to our health. But it is still undeniably true that a high fat diet will increase your level of cholesterol; thus, increasing the risk of CHDs as well. According to some researches, “if your total fat intake is greater than 37% of your total calories, then even if that fat is unsaturated you increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.”

Therefore, we can conclude upon the idea that high fat diet has a strongly positive correlation with the risk of CHD. As the fat contents increases, the level of cholesterol increase as well as increasing the risks of CHDs too. Obviously, having a high fat diet or eating too much fat than what is required will contribute towards these diseases. There is surely, a very clear link between CHD and a high fat diet.

Bibliography:
http://www.world-heart-federation.org/cardiovascular-health/cardiovascular-disease-risk-factors/diet/
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002436.htm

Discuss the link between CHD and a high fat diet

Coronary heart disease is a disease which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen to heart. If these arteries are blocked, heart attack (angina) can occur. Angina gives chest pain or discomfort. We may feel a pressure on our heart or on our shoulders, arms, neck or back. This is the symptom of the coronary heart disease.

There are many causes of the coronary heart disease. For example, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity and poor diet. These are the controllable factors. There are also non-controllable factors such as age, ethnicity, family history and medical history.

As a human being, food consumption is very important. Food provides us nutrients and minerals that we need in order to survive. However, purely eating food does not keep our body healthy. We need to be able to distinguish different types of food molecules.

If we eat food high in fat, it is very likely to get coronary heart disease. Most of the fat molecules are broken down into fatty acid and glycerol when it goes into our body. It is also used as insulation, storage of energy. But this only happens when we consume adequate amount of fat. If there’s too much, the fat molecules (cholesterol) will flow through our artery and build up in there. This causes artery to lose its function. It can not carry oxygen to heart muscle. Since there are no obvious symptoms for that, we don’t actually know. Some cholesterol however is good for our body. ex) HDL Because this actually carries cholesterol from other parts of the body back into the liver.

Many people are not aware of the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat. A saturated fat is a fat in which  the fatty acids all have single bonds. An un saturated fat is a is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. In order to avoid getting the heart related diseases, we should try to eat unsaturated fat. Saturated fat is often found in animal products such as beef and pork. When saturated fat enters our body, it can help people with type 2 diabetes manage their blood sugar. Also, it can lower the LDL(cholesterol) level and help develop and maintain our cells. Moreover, these fats contain Vitamin E which is necessary for healthy vision and immune system.

To conclude, fats have a dual characteristic. It can be beneficial at the same time unbeneficial. From those two types of fat (unsaturated and saturated) we should try to eat food containing unsaturated fat since it prevents coronary heart disease. On the other hand, if we consume too much saturated fat, cholesterol will build up in our coronary artery and finally cause coronary heart disease.

Reference:

https://www.southerncross.co.nz/group/medical-library/coronary-heart-disease-causes-symptoms-prevention

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm

Discuss the link between CHD and a high fat diet.

Fat content in our diet is highly associated with the Coronary Heart Disease, but we have to consider the types of fat when determining the risk of getting CHD. A diet consisting high saturated fats and trans fats leads to high levels of cholesterol, which in effect results in a greater risk of coronary heart disease and heart attack. On the other hand, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats would lower the risk of heart diseases.

Cholesterol, a fat crucial to many metabolic functions, is produced in the body from the food we intake and is produced in the liver. There are two major kinds of blood lipids that contain cholesterol: Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), called “bad” cholesterol as it carries cholesterol to tissues from the liver and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), called “good” cholesterol as it helps remove cholesterol from arteries. The risk of getting CHD increases with a diet of a high level of LDL and a low level of HDL.

Saturated fats found in animal products as well as processed foods and trans fats in oil increase LDL cholesterol in the blood. This leads to the buildup of fat and cholesterol in the blood and the first signs are shown as fatty streaks. They can develop into atherosclerotic plaque, which is composed of lipids, cholesterols, cell debris, and calcium. The endothelium of each artery starts smooth, but as the plaque builds up inside the lining of an artery, it is damaged. As the plaque deposits and the endothelium gets roughening, the lumen of the artery gets narrower. This process of atherosclerosis would reduce the oxygen-rich blood flow through the coronary artery to the heart. It is chronic if the coronary artery is narrowed over time and this would give angina, chest pain. It is acute when there is a sudden rupture of a plaque resulting in a formation of a clot, or thrombosis. This would result in a heart attack, as the atheroma cuts off the supply of oxygen-rich blood to heart muscle.

On the contrary, there are fats that protect against heart disease. These include oily fish and some vegetables oil. Oily fish such as sardines, tuna, mackerel and salmon which contain omega-3 fatty acids is said to decrease triglycerides and increase HDL-cholesterol levels. Blood becomes less likely to clot or be blocked as this fat improves blood vessel elasticity and thins the blood. Some vegetable oils containing omega-6 fatty acids include corn, soy and safflower and those such as canola and olive oil contain omega-3 fatty acids. These help in lowering LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL and can be used instead of saturated fats such as butter.